Cataplexy - the sudden loss of muscle tone that is triggered by the experience of an intense emotion. The word cataplexy comes from the Latin word “cataplessa” which means, “to strike down with fear or the like”. A debilitating medical condition in which a person suddenly feels weak and collapses at moments of strong emotion such as laughter, anger, fear or surprise.
The rarest known genetic disease has only one diagnosed patient.
Rare diseases are also referred to as orphan diseases and sometimes, neglected diseases and include everything from leprosy and cholera to roundworm to bubonic plague and Ondine's curse.
There are about 40 rare diseases that are regarded as Finnish heritage diseases and have a markedly increased frequency among those of ethnic Finnish descent. However, other genetic diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis and PKU, are markedly absent. Only about 1 in 80 carry the markers for these, as opposed to an average of 1 in 25 in the rest of the EU.
Founder Effect - the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. Basically forces inbreeding and reduces biodiversity. Founder effects can also occur when lines naturally die out, such as the Neanderthal Man.
Familial dysautonomia causes insensitivity to pain, inability to produce tears, poor growth, problems with blood pressure, etc. and is found almost exclusively in Ashkenazi Jews.
The only self-reported ancestral group larger than the Irish Americans are the German Americans.
The ships that brought Irish immigrants over during the Potato Famine were commonly known as 'coffin ships'.
People of Irish descent are at higher risk of developing or carrying Tay-Sachs and Celiac Diseases, hematochomatosis, and rosacea.
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